Risk factor and outcome with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM): A Cross-sectional Analysis
Abstract
Gastational diabetes Mallitus (GDM) is a condition in pregnancy which may result bad maternal and neonatal outcomes. So this study was aimed to find out various risk factors associated with GDM. This study was conducted 500 females of 2nd and 3rd trimester pregnancy. They underwent GCT (Glucose Challenge Test) with 50 gm of glucose load which was followed by GTT (Glucose tolerance test) with 75 gm glucose recommended by WHO after 72 hrs of GCT irrespective of result of GCT. Out of 500 pregnant women 27(5.4%) women are diagnosed as GDM. In women with GDM gravida ≥3, age >25 years and positive family h/o of diabetes were found with high proportion of GDM. PIH, preeclampsia and recurrent infections are most common antenatal complication seen in GDM group. It can be concluded from this that universal screening should be done for early diagnosis of GDM so complication related to tit can be controlled and bad pregnancy outcomes may be prevented.
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Introduction
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as carbohydrate intolerance of varying severity with onset or first recognition during pregnancy.1 Early diagnosis of gestational diabetes is important, because of the increased risk of adverse maternal and feto-neonatal outcomes. In addition, GDM also confers a future risk of type 2 diabetes to mothers and their fetus.2
Gestational diabetes mellitus affects about 7% of all pregnancies worldwide and recent studies have reported an increase in the prevalence in last two decades.3-7 In India, the prevalence ranges from 6% to 9% in rural and 12-21% in urban areas, with most studies being done in either South or North India.8-10
Unfortunately, GDM has common signs or symptoms and can be diagnosed only through the use of laboratory tests. However, for the detection and diagnosis of GDM, controversy concerning optimal strategy still continues.
Conclusion
In present study the GDM was found in 5.4% of ANCs. Among these ANCs with GDM majorities were more than 25 yrs of age and with family H/o diabetes. Only 5% were without complications but majority were with complications. PIH/preeclampsia being the commonest antenatal complications which was significantly more when compared control group (48.1% v/s 11.4%).
With universal screening, early diagnosis, strict monitoring and diet management GDM can be found earlier and manage better to control. By achieving euglycemia complications related to it can be minimized which may result in better maternal and fetal outcome.