Volume-4, Issue-6, June 2018

Abstract

Morphology of the absorptive surface reflects the diet. Comparative stereology was done on the absorptive surface of the small intestine of similar sized, nectarivorous, omnivorous and granivorous species of passerine birds using light and electron microscopy. The aim was to determine differences that can be attributed to their disparate diets. The dimension of absorptive cells, the microvillous length, diameter and packing density were estimated. The absorptive cells are the same in the three species. The remarkable difference was the height and packing density of the microvilli. The significantly, shortest, microvilli were in the granivorous species which measured 1.11 ± 0.58 µm, intermediate in the omnivorous species, measuring 4.30 ± 0.23 µm and the nectarivorous species had significantly, tallest microvilli with a mean length of 8.025 ± 1.66 µm. The packing density was significantly lower (≤ 52.0 ± 4 per µm2 ) in the granivore, intermediate in the omnivore (95.0 ± 8 per µm 2 ) and significantly larger (≤ 109.0 ± per µm2 ) in the nectarivore. The absorptive surface in the small intestine of the nectarivore is greatly enhanced by the tall and densely packed microvilli and this type of absorptive surface is suitable for maximal absorption of liquid diet. Thus this species is more adapted to its liquid diet. The granivore has very short microvilli and a longest intestine allowing for thorough digestion and absorption and this suggests that the granivores are more adapted to their granivorous diet. The omnivore combines the qualities of the other two species.

Keywords: Stereology, Small Intestine, Absorptive Surface, Microvillous.

References

Keywords: Stereology, Small Intestine, Absorptive Surface, Microvillous.

Abstract

Adulteration of food is a major problem in developing world like India. There are many acts for preventing adulteration of food and consumers are assumed to know their responsibilities regarding food adulteration. So this analytic observational study was conducted to know the awareness status of male and females regarding food adulteration. For this 150 males and 159 females were interrogated and significance of difference in proportion of male and females were inferred by Chi-square test. It was found that only 10% subjects have good knowledge regarding adulteration. On sex wise comparison of this knowledge, 6% men’s scored good marks, 64% men’s scored average marks and 30%, men’s scored poor marks whereas women’s showed 14% women’s scored good marks, 74% women’s scored average marks and 12% women’s scored poor marks. So females were having better knowledge than males regarding food adulteration.

Keywords: Food Adulteration, Contamination, Knowledge, Sex wise Comparison.

References

Keywords: Food Adulteration, Contamination, Knowledge, Sex wise Comparison.

Abstract

Stoma may form after intestinal surgeries. Electrolyte imbalance may occur due to stoma. So this study was carried out to find out the changes in Serum Sodium and Serum Potassium level upto 5th post-operative day. Study was conducted on 100 post-operative cases with stoma addimitted in department of Surgery, SMS Medical college, Jaipur (Rajasthan) India. It was observed that patients with high output stoma are more prone to depletion of fluids and electrolytes than low output stoma, so they should be monitored and resuscitated aggressively in early post-operative periods. So it can be concluded that assessment of electrolyte is necessary in patients with these cases in early post-operative period.

Keywords: Stoma, Serum Sodium, Serum Potassium.

References

Keywords: Stoma, Serum Sodium, Serum Potassium.

Abstract

Measles and Rubella are important vaccine preventable diseases that cause significant morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Objective of present study was to determine Rubella positivity among suspected Measles cases and to describe the epidemiology of Laboratory confirmed Rubella in Rajasthan. A descriptive observational study was conducted at Department of Microbiology, of a tertiary centre of Rajasthan. Samples received from suspected Measles cases from April 2015 to August 2016 were included in the study. The samples were first tested for Measles IgM and those negative for Measles IgM or showed equivocal results were tested for Rubella IgM. Out of total 563 eligible samples from suspected outbreak, 314 (55.8%) samples were found to be positive for Measles IgM. From remaining 249 samples negative for Measles IgM, 104 (18.4% from total suspected measels cases and 41.7% from negative for Measles IgM) were found to be positive for Rubella IgM. Most of these laboratory confirmed Rubella cases were in 5-9 years age group, occurring almost equally among males and females. Most cases were seen in month of March. So it is concluded that laboratory confirmation of every case of suspected Measles for Rubella is necessary for correct diagnosis and to know the true burden of disease. Inclusion of Rubella vaccine in the national immunization schedule is necessary to achieve control of Congenital Rubella Syndrome.

Keywords: Suspected Measles, Rubella, IgM Antibody Positivity.

References

Keywords: Suspected Measles, Rubella, IgM Antibody Positivity.